Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Accumulation of Lipid Droplets in Microglia following Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia

doi: 10.64898/2026.07.18.739219

Figure Lengend Snippet: TAG are synthesized in the ER through sequential enzymatic reactions of GPAT, LPAAT, PAP1, and DGAT. CE are generated by SOAT. Seipin facilitates the incorporation of neutral lipids into the growing LD core, which buds from the ER and become coated by perilipins (PLINs). Stored neutral lipids are mobilized through lipolysis mediated by ATGL, HSL, and MGL or degraded via lysosomal lipophagy. Released free fatty acids and cholesterol can be utilized for cellular metabolism, while cholesterol may also undergo ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated efflux to ApoE-containing HDL-like particles. Alternatively, cholesterol can be converted by CH25H to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), which readily crosses cellular membranes for export.

Article Snippet: DGAT1 inhibitor T863 (Cat# HY-32219, MedChemiExpress LCC, Monmouth Junction, NJ), and DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06424439 (Cat# HY-108341A, MCE) were dissolved in DMSO and used at 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively.

Techniques: Synthesized, Generated

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Accumulation of Lipid Droplets in Microglia following Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia

doi: 10.64898/2026.07.18.739219

Figure Lengend Snippet: A). Representative images of PLIN2 (white) expression and Dextran uptake (green) in BV2 cells following DGAT inhibitor treatment. BV2 cells were treated with DGAT1 inhibitor T863 or DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06424439 (PF) or DMSO vehicle control under normoxic control or OGD condition. Scale bar = 20 µm. n = 3 per group. B). Representative flow cytometric histograms showing PLIN2 fluorescence intensity curves under different treatment conditions. Blank group cells received medium as no-treatment control. C). Percentage of PLIN2 + cells in BV2 cells under different treatment conditions. D). PLIN2 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in BV2 cells under different treatment conditions. E). Representative flow cytometric histograms showing Dextran 40 fluorescence intensity curves under different conditions. F). Percentage of Dextran 40 + cells in BV2 cells under different treatment conditions. G). Dextran 40 MFI under different treatment conditions. For flow cytometry, n = 6 per group; data are presented as mean ± SD; two-way ANOVA (OGD × drug) with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. OGD and DMSO group; ### p < 0.001 vs. OGD + Blank group.

Article Snippet: DGAT1 inhibitor T863 (Cat# HY-32219, MedChemiExpress LCC, Monmouth Junction, NJ), and DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06424439 (Cat# HY-108341A, MCE) were dissolved in DMSO and used at 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Accumulation of Lipid Droplets in Microglia following Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia

doi: 10.64898/2026.07.18.739219

Figure Lengend Snippet: A). Representative images of BODIPY (green) and IL-1β (white) expression in BV2 cells following DGAT inhibitor treatment. BV2 cells were treated with DGAT1 inhibitor T863 or DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06424439 (PF) or DMSO vehicle control under normoxic control or OGD condition. Scale bar = 20 µm. n = 3 per group. B). Representative flow cytometric histograms showing BODIPY fluorescence intensity curves in BV2 cells under different treatment conditions. Blank group cells received medium as no-treatment control. C). Percentage of BODIPY + cells in BV2 cells under different treatment conditions. D). BODIPY mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) under different treatment conditions. E). Representative flow cytometric histograms showing IL-1β fluorescence intensity curves under different treatment conditions. F). Percentage of IL-1β + cells in BV2 cells under different treatment conditions. G). IL-1β MFI in BV2 cells under different treatment conditions. For flow cytometry, n = 6 per group; data are presented as mean ± SD; two-way ANOVA (OGD × drug) with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. OGD and DMSO group; ### p < 0.001 vs. OGD + Blank.

Article Snippet: DGAT1 inhibitor T863 (Cat# HY-32219, MedChemiExpress LCC, Monmouth Junction, NJ), and DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06424439 (Cat# HY-108341A, MCE) were dissolved in DMSO and used at 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Ribosomal protein control of hematopoietic stem cell transformation through regulation of metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116688

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Leukemia explants from MLL-AF9-knockin Rpl22 +/+ (M82) and Rpl22 −/− (M109) mice were analyzed by RNA-seq. A heatmap of 2,671 differentially expressed genes is displayed. (B) Top 20 upregulated essential genes in Rpl22 −/− leukemias identified using the CRISPR DEPMAP CERES dataset across human leukemia cell lines and displayed as a bubble plot of the impact of their genetic disruption on leukemia survival. (C) Differentially expressed genes were subjected to pathway analysis (Protein Analysis Through Evolutionalary Relationships; PANTHER) with the top upregulated and downregulated pathways displayed. The number of differentially expressed genes per pathway is indicated.

(D) Bubble plot of the top five Reactome pathways depicting the most upregulated metabolic pathways in Rpl22 −/− MLL-AF9 leukemias. (E) qPCR analysis of Lin28b mRNA expression in Rpl22 +/+ and Rpl22 −/− MLL-AF9 leukemias. Statistical significance was calculated using a two-tailed t test with Welch’s correction. Normalized Lin28b expression is depicted graphically as the mean +/− SD. (F) Heatmap of 103 Lin28b gene targets induced in Rpl22 −/− MLL-AF9 leukemias, subdivided based on whether they are direct Lin28b targets or are indirectly regulated through Lin28b modulation of Let7 micro-RNAs (mIRs). (G) Lipid content of Rpl22 +/+ and Rpl22 −/− leukemias as measured by Nile red staining. Statistical significance was calculated using a two-tailed t test with Welch’s correction. Normalized lipid content is depicted graphically as mean +/− SD. (H) Triacylglycerol (TG) levels were measured on detergent extracts of Rpl22 +/+ and Rpl22 −/− leukemias using a colorimetric assay quantifying oxidized glycerol liberated by lipase digestion. Mean ± SD of triplicate measures of nMol TG per ng of protein were expressed graphically. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA. (I) The effect of inhibiting TG synthesis using DGAT1 inhibitor (DGAT1-IN-1) at 25 μM on the growth of Rpl22 +/+ and Rpl22 −/− leukemias was assessed by 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. Triplicate measures were expressed graphically as mean ± SD for each different drug concentration. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA.

Article Snippet: DGAT1 inhibitor - DGAT1-IN-1 , MedChemExpress , HY-12425.

Techniques: Knock-In, RNA Sequencing, CRISPR, Disruption, Expressing, Two Tailed Test, Staining, Colorimetric Assay, MTT Assay, Concentration Assay